The Tempest By William Shakespeare Essay - 1940 Words

What do we think about monsters? Monsters are part of our popular culture and have been used invidious media since our earlier times. They have been used to instill fear in us, and to make us timid to our approach of the unknown and the unnatural. This fear of monsters and the unknown has unfortunately also applied to other humans as well. Shakespeare’s The Tempest uses one character, Caliban, to represent the imagery of the unknown and as a savage monster in the viewpoint of exploring Europeans. Using The Tempest and other works such as Cesaire’s A Tempest and Achebe’s An Image of Africa, I will describe the struggles of Caliban from the story lens and a post-colonial lens and to identify how he is being described as monster in Shakespeare’s final work. In The Tempest, along with being an enslaved being of the magical Prospero, Caliban is also noticeably the only known native of the island in which Prospero and his daughter have inhabited since â€Å"their betrayal† a decade plus before. According to Caliban himself (and also Prospero and Ariel), he is the offspring of a witch who’s name is Sycorax. â€Å"Yes, Caliban, her son.† (338, Act I Scene II) Sycorax, along with Caliban, was one of the few natives of the secluded island and was a very powerful witch. Several interpretations of Sycorax are widespread in historical mythology and cultures, but one of the most noticeable is being a witch who is a native from Africa. Because of fear over her abilities, Sycorax isShow MoreRelatedThe Tempest By William Shakespeare1603 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeare’s play, The Tempest, power is manifested in several forms: the investigation of the power of love, the power of magic and illusion, or the power of nature. However, in The Tempest, power is most clearly defined as dominance. Throughout the play, there is a universal pursuit of dominance over other people, dominance over property, or dominance over cultural ideals. These pursuits of dominance are used in an attempt to further ones authority, and, ultimately, one’s life. In The Tempest, a motif ofRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare1705 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature Mr. Nath 5 December 2014 The Tempest Written between 1610 and 1611, The Tempest by William Shakespeare is the final play penned by the famous Bard. The play portrays the illusory struggle of power and conscience through the character of Prospero and his egocentric motives. Politically, the play can be seen as an analysis of important political issues relevant to that of oppression and imperialistic tendencies of the time. Artistically, The Tempest emphasizes the nature of art, more prominentlyRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare1351 Words   |  6 Pagescritique rank’s Shakespeare’s ‘The Tempest’ as one of the most preeminent and descriptive plays addressing the role of colonial power and conquest in literature. One of Shakespeare’s last plays, ‘The Tempest’ explores the direct parallel between the working proletariats and wealthy bourgeois. Therefore the focuses of this paper are the implications of hegemony and class alienation, the commoditization of human subc lasses, and the commonalities with â€Å"The Tempest† and Shakespeare’s life. The analysisRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesThe greatest playwright of English literature was William Shakespeare. His final play that he wrote alone was The Tempest, the story of how the former Duke of Milan, Prospero, returned to power after being exiled on an island for twelve years. While reading The Tempest, it is hard not to notice the ambivalence of the character of Prospero. Consequently, the character’s motivation and subsequent characteristics are solely defined by the reader. Typically, Prospero is seen as driven by either revengeRead MoreThe Tempest by William Shakespeare1042 Words   |  4 Pages William Shakespeare uses the events of the plot to present a theme of how a lust for power can drive actions. The specific settings of scenes help clarify the desires for power in the characters and how they plan to achieve them. The Tempest provides insight, through Prospero, into the question of how our decisions reveal our character. The Tempest is filled with examples of strong manipulation and how much is too much. The title of this play used both literally and metaphorically explains the overallRead MoreThe Tempest by William Shakespeare1858 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s The Tempest refines his portrayal of nature from the earlier play A Midsummer Night’s Dream. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream, nature is shown to be mysterious presence that blurs the lines between reality and illusion; it is a magical force that is unreachable and incomprehensible for human beings. A Midsummer Night’s Dream gives nature a mischievous, playful, dreamlike feel because in this play nature interferes for the sake of love. The Tempest breaks down the barrier that dividesRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare899 Words   |  4 PagesThe tempest by William Shakespeare is a story about a man named Prospero and his daughter Miranda. Within the story Prospero does almost everything for his daughter. Prospero takes one the mother’s role and finds Miranda a fiance. Telling her the truth about how they came about to end up on the island. Prospero protecting Miranda at all costs making sure nothing hurts her. The Attitude prospero has towards Miranda when compared to the attitude towards others. Thought some of the things he s doneRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare950 Words   |  4 PagesThe Tempest is a play that seems to be about a group of shipwrecked nobles, when in actuality it is a critique of the destructive effects of one group forcing its ideas on another. William Shakespeare wrote The Tempest in the early 1600’s, a time when England was beginning to assert itself as a superpower by colonizing other countries. In The Tempest Prospero is a callous character who mistreats Caliban, and as a result, Caliban becomes resentful and bitter, but unable to rule himself; ultimatelyRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare1446 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tempest is a play written by William Shakespeare around 1610 toward the end of his career as a poet and playwright. The Tempest fits in the genre of tragicomedy. The genre blends aspects of tragedy and romance together which are depicted in a humorous way. The Tempest is set on an island where its location is unspecified. The play finds Prospero and Miranda, ousted former Duke of Milan and his daughter, living in exile on an island with Caliban, its lone native inhabitant. Change affects theRead MoreThe Tempest By William Shakespeare2017 Words   |  9 PagesThe Tempest is one of Shakespeare’s most well-known plays, and as such, has been examined in many different ways by many different people. In the world of literature, there are a few different distinct styles of review that are used to examine works of literature, these are called schools of critique or critical lenses. All of these schools serve a purpose in examining different themes in a work depending on the work, and the tempest is no exception. The Tempest has many sub themes in the story

Hamlet Essay †Themes Free Essays

Any text that is rich in technique and deals with universal concerns will be effective in communicating significant ideas to the responder regardless of the context of the audience. Shakespeare’s revenge tragedy play, Hamlet, explores concerns such as morality and the difficulty of taking action, especially when certainty is impossible. His young protagonist, Hamlet, acts as an effective vehicle as he uses powerful language to explore his moral dilemmas. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamlet Essay – Themes or any similar topic only for you Order Now What distinguishes Hamlet from other revenge tragedy plays is the amount of action expected, especially from Hamlet himself as he continuously hesitates due to him trying to be absolute certain of his actions. Hamlet handles an extremely complicated dilemma which is a combination of feelings that does not allow him to be tranquil. One of the reasons is due to the mourning of his father’s death, which he already feels distraught about. The other reason for Hamlet’s problem is his mother’s sudden remarriage of her brother-in-law, Claudius, whom here in this play he is presented as the villain. As Hamlet says, â€Å"A little month, or ere those shoes were old†¦ a beast that wants discourse of reason would have mourned longer. † Hamlet here is showing his disgust towards Gertrude, his mother, as she is remarrying only two months after her husband’s death. Furthermore Claudius is blood related to Hamlet hence deepening his anger, turning to madness. Hamlets hatred towards Gertrude is seen in Act 1 scene 2 as Hamlet expressed in a negative tone; â€Å"seems, madam! Nay it is; I know not seems. / This not alone my inky cloak, good mother,† Also Hamlet’s first soliloquy in the play shows his distress towards Claudius and Gertrude’s marriage. His internal dilemma is explicitly shown when this ghost of Hamlet’s father appears in Act 1 scene 5 as he calls upon, â€Å"Revenge his foul and most unnatural murder. † It is from this point forward that Hamlet struggles with the dilemma of whether or not to kill Claudius, and if so, when to do it. Doubts and uncertainty arises as the ghost disappears, as suggested when he says, â€Å"Are you spirit of health or goblin damned? † This uncertainty is crucial as this is the beginning point of Hamlet’s internal struggle. My personal view of why Hamlet delays his action is because of the question, â€Å"Is this morally correct. Hamlet is a thinker a philosopher, shown clearly by his use of words and language that contains double meaning, â€Å"Ay, madam it is common† with the word â€Å"common† suggest literal meaning, it is common that â€Å"all lives must die†, and figuratively it is common to remarry straight after her husbands death. From this fact that Hamlet is a thinker, he questions himself and is amazed by the human structure, shown in one of his soliloquies he stated with exclamatory: â€Å"Oh what a piece of work is man! † The mystery of the afterlife is what prevents himself from killing himself. This is shown in his most famous soliloquy: â€Å"To be, or not to be. In other words, â€Å"to die, or not do die†. The unknown factors of the afterlife as well as the morality of it, is what caused the delay for killing Claudius. Hamlet retains its value and textual integrity because it explores universal concerns that still remain in today’s society. Some of these concerns in today’s society are the morality and hesitation of taking action is explicitly shown in two scenes from Hamlet; Act 1 scene 2 and scene 5. The use of powerful language techniques such as soliloquies, metaphors and asides helps being out the message to the responder, hence having textual integrity. How to cite Hamlet Essay – Themes, Essays

Employee Resourcing

Questions: 1. Define flexible working within the legislative framework within the EU and critically discuss the implications, both legally and with regards to good practice, when recruiting staff to work flexibly.2. Critically evaluate the impact of the flexible working hours upon the organization (Sysdoc Group) and its employees performance. You should use examples to support your answer and draw conclusions and make any relevant recommendations that may be of benefit to Sysdoc Group and to employers considering implementing similar flexible working practices. Answers: Employee Resourcing Flexible working is an approach of working that suits the need of the employees working in a particular organization. Flexible working not only helps in providing moral support to the employee but it also plays a crucial role in enriching the performance of the employee (Prowse and Prowse 2015). Flexible working also provides suitable assistance by providing a platform in which the employees can address in a reasonable manner. According to Deakin and Morris (2012), a recent survey reported that more than 70% of the employees have asked for giving them the opportunity that would help them in requesting flexible working. Flexible working provides a variation of the working pattern that includes options like work from home, flexible timing, part time working, shift working and job sharing. Flexible working represents a permanent change that produces a happier and productive work force environment. Impact produced by the flexible working provides positive energy in the workforce environm ent, which plays a significant role for satisfying the aims of the organization by enriching the output of the work. Thus, the present report will help in understanding the impact of flexible work environment with reference to the guidelines provided by different kind of legislations and by taking into consideration the case study based on The Sysdoc Group. 1. Flexible Working According to the legislative framework within the EU, flexible working pattern is defined as any other working pattern apart from the normal working pattern that specifically includes change in the working hours of the employees, time invested to do the work or their associated place of work (Wallace et al. 2014). According to the European employment strategy, increase in working time flexibility is a vital constituent of the European employment strategy (Klimek et al. 2015). Flexibility in the work force environment helps in responding to the unexpected changes according to the changes in demand, adapt to the new technologies and get a suitable position that will help them in innovating continuously to hold a position in the competitive market. Flexibility is an important component that provides a quest of competitiveness among the employees. The importance of the policy measures provides a relatively diverse position of EU Member States that specifically emphasizes on the flexibili ty spectrum that is followed as per the regulations in the legislation of the EU (Radcliffe and Cassell 2015). As per the norms of the EU legislation, flexibility acts as an instrument for increasing participation of both the persons subjected to specific work hours. Increase in the flexibility of the working hours helps the employees to bring together their work obligations affecting the personal life. Various number of working practices involves suitable changes to the hours and times involved in the working hours. This specifically includes: Providing a suitable flexi-time arrangement provides the employees to remain at work during a specific period but also provides them the opportunity to work according to the time that suits them. Work flexibility also provides the employees with the opportunity that helps them in better understanding of the work pattern It reduces the burden of additional cost and gives an ability for reorganizing the work among the other employees There are different manners and ways in which companies can adopt flexible working hours, these different ways are as follows:- Job sharing Job sharing is done when two individuals collectively do one task by dividing the time and hours of working between them Part time Part time is incorporated when an employee is allowed to work for lesser hours than required by the routine working hours of the company Work From Home Work from home allows employees to work from their houses without coming to office. This is most ideal when an employee is sick or recovering from an illness. Flextime Under flextime, an employee is allowed to choose his working hours within the agreed time period. Phased retirement Default retirement age is abolished under the said manner of flexible working and older employers are allowed to choose their retirement age. Staggered hours Under the staggered hours, employee has different start, end and break times as compared to other employees. Implications Since 30 June 2014, a new law on flexible working is passed in the United Kingdom. The said law on flexible working states that every employee who has served an employer or a company for at least 26 weeks has the right to demand for flexible working. The law also states that an employer can refused the said demand only under the eight reasons mentioned under the flexible working legislation (Schulz 2013). Flexible working means working in a manner, which is suitable for the employee. After the introduction of the said law, many significant benefits are observed when an employer adopts flexible working. The introduction of flexible working, which was provided to the employee, increased their efficiency by increasing production levels, resulting in excellent quality customer care services and more committed ad focus employees. Initially the introduction of flexible working hours created many concerns in both employers and employees. The employers were worried about their level of control if too much flexibility in work was provided, whereas the employees were worried about their career growth if they started working part-time from home. However, a correct manner to set the changes in working hours and adopting the new law of flexible working is what is important to derive benefits from the same (Horning, Gerhardt and Michailow 2015). It is first important to check that whether the business type is suitable for supporting flexible change law and if yes, which type of flexible working changes will be the most suitable for the business. For example, an employer maybe planning to introduce shift timings for increasing the productivity of a business, however best results from introduction of shift hours will only be achieved when the labor costs are cheap compared to capital costs in a business. However, a recent report states that nearly 97% of employee feel that introduction of flexible working legislations has positive impacts. When an employer provides an employee flexible working, it increases the productivity of an employee as he is allowed to work the way he wishes without the pressure which often reduces efficiency. For example, when an employee has the option of flexible working, he will choose to work from home when hes sick, which without the said option would be a sick leave demanded by the same employee. Thus, the number of sick leaves is reduced due to flexible working option, which is available to employees (Deakin and Morris 2012). The legislation of flexible working when adopted increases the efficiency of an employee as he has the option to makes choices where he can mange work with other activities. For example, employees when given flexible working options stay healthy as they often visit gyms, or indulge in sports they like and spend quality time with fa mily (Chung 2016). Thus, when an employee is satisfied with his life, his productivity at work automatically increases. For example, Germany has recently made it a law to not work after 6 pm and another related law, which states that employees are allowed to ignore work calls or calls from superior after working hours are over. Thus, these laws are in support of flexible working and help the employer to achieve maximum productivity and efficiency from an employee. 2. Impact of Flexible Working The Sysdoc Group is one of the leading management consultancies that has adopted a customer focused approach by taking suitable measures that provides unique and flexible working environment. The Sysdoc group has created a work culture that embraces flexibility that helped them in building a committed and enthusiastic team that has helped them to deliver well above the average business results and as a result, in the year 2008-09 the company grew nine times faster than the sector as a whole. Thus, critically evaluating the impact it can thus be stated that flexible working hours helps in enhancing the performance and the efficiency of the performers (Jessoula, Graziano and Madam 2010). Providing work time flexibility thereby helps in increasing and motivating the employees in way that has a direct impact on the performance of the company. A flexible working hour is a part of the mainstream approach that helps the employees to work as a team. This provides them with a range of options with regard s to the way what are the suitable outcome associated with for affecting the performance of the individuals and the impacts that they produce in providing a suitable profit for the organization as observed in case of The Sysdoc Group. The positive approach of providing a flexible working produced a suitable impact on the employees that is clearly obtained from the case study, which stated that the employees were able to work depending upon their choice. As a result, the company has not only made a suitable contribution in obtaining growth in the business but also played a crucial role in influencing the performance of the employees as well. This can further be evaluated because it has enhanced the employee performance, which has helped in building a strong positive relationship between the flexible working and the individual performance for participating in the given organization (Baranowska and Gebel 2010). It has also involved an average number of respondents for iden tifying the importance and the role of working flexibility that provides a suitable performance benefits in various number of ways. The interplay between the employee wellbeing, work life balance and the performance makes helps in understanding several factors that includes understanding of other factors such as organizational commitment, energy, enthusiasm and satisfaction. Taking into consideration of the several examples from other industries the findings helped in providing a clear support regarding the intuitive expectation by highlighting how the flexibility plays a major role in better understanding of how to integrate work and non work that will help in enhancing the personal wellbeing of a individual. The positive association also highlighted the impact of the performance that helped in highlighting what the employees shall do in the way that will help them in repaying with improved motivation levels and drive. Thus, the work-time flexibility also helped in reducing the sui table stress and pressure (Cingano et al. 2010). This provided an abundant evidence of the individuals who tried to adapt the working arrangement over the time in terms of meeting both the job demands and their own satisfaction level by understanding the evolving demands of the organization along with the suitable understanding of their own importance in the organization. With reference to the Sysdoc group, it is thus very much evident from the facts that is provided that giving workforce flexibility provides the employment in contributing more to the company by enhancing their own performance (Cingano et al. 2010). Since the employees have been suitable associated in enjoying the freedom, there are many factors that uplifted the present position of the market and have contributed significantly to better understanding of their employees in terms of serving the organization with respect to the satisfying the aims and objectives of the company. Thus, employees who have worked for the same employer with more than 12 months can request for flexible working hours if they are a parent, a carer under the under the Carer Recognition Act 2010, have certain disability, are 55 or older in age, are experiencing domestic violence or family problems. Employees undergoing the said problems can request for flexible working hours in writing, after the said is requested a meeting is held to discuss the changes asked for and the decision needs to be given within the period of 3 months including appeals. The employers are obliged to consider the request on reasonable grounds and are allowed to reject the same only if the business suffers detriment due to the acceptance of the request for flexible working hours. On the other hand, the employees may also get negatively associated with using the work flexibility time that has been given to them. The employees may utilize the work time in doing some other thing that will hamper the productivity of the company and thus may engage themselves in doing things for which they are not specifically assigned by the company to do (Eichhorst, Feil and Marx 2010). They may use it illegally by giving proxy and they might get involved with themselves in something for which they are not allowed to do. Conclusion and Recommendation The changes adopted by the company The Sysdoc Group relating to flexible working have evidently increased its business, profits and efficiency. The principle which is set by the said company of delivering client excellence by having balance in ones self is an excellent principle to achieve high level of productivity and efficiency from the employees of the company. However, despite providing flexible working to the employees, it is the duty of the employer to keep a certain level of control over their employees. For example, if an employee is allowed work from home, the employers should set targets and deadlines for the employee to meet at the end of the working hour. Another effort by the employer can be to keep in touch with all the employees who demand work from home and to constantly update them on any new developments to make the employee work efficiently. In my opinion the key principle of succeed in achieving high efficiency by introducing flexible working is to develop the fl exible working policy after consulting with the employees and after understanding their needs and requirements. The employers need to take into consideration the needs of his employees before formulating a flexible working policy. References Baranowska, A. and Gebel, M., 2010. The determinants of youth temporary employment in the enlarged Europe: Do labour market institutions matter?.European Societies,12(3), pp.367-390. Chung, H. and Tijdens, K., 2013. Working time flexibility components and working time regimes in Europe: using company-level data across 21 countries.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(7), pp.1418-1434. Chung, H., 2016, July. Flexible Working and Consequences for Working Patterns Post Childbirth for Mothers in the UK. InThird ISA Forum of Sociology (July 10-14, 2016). Isaconf. Cingano, F., Leonardi, M., Messina, J. and Pica, G., 2010. The effects of employment protection legislation and financial market imperfections on investment: evidence from a firm-level panel of EU countries.Economic Policy,25(61), pp.117-163. Clauwaert, S. and Schomann, I., 2012. Crisis and National Labour Law Reforms: A Mapping Exercise.Eur. Lab. LJ,3, p.54. Deakin, S.F. and Morris, G.S., 2012.Labour law. Hart publishing. Eichhorst, W., Feil, M.T. and Marx, P., 2010. Crisis, what crisis? Patterns of adaptation in European labor markets. Hrning, K.H., Gerhardt, A. and Michailow, M., 2015.Time pioneers: Flexible working time and new lifestyles. John Wiley Sons. Jessoula, M., Graziano, P.R. and Madama, I., 2010. Selective Flexicurityin Segmented Labour Markets: The Case of Italian Mid-Siders.Journal of Social Policy,39(04), pp.561-583. Klimek, L., Hammerbacher, A.S., Hellings, P.W., Fokkens, W.J., Hoffmann, H.J., Muraro, A. and Papadopoulos, N., 2015. The influence of European legislation on the use of diagnostic test allergens for nasal allergen provocation in routine care of patients with allergic rhinitis.Rhinology,53(3), pp.260-269. Prowse, J. and Prowse, P., 2015. Flexible working and worklife balance: midwives experiences and views.Work, Employment Society,29(5), pp.757-774. Prowse, J. and Prowse, P., 2015. Flexible working and worklife balance: midwives experiences and views.Work, Employment Society,29(5), pp.757-774. Radcliffe, L.S. and Cassell, C., 2015. Flexible working, workfamily conflict, and maternal gatekeeping: The daily experiences of dualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ earner couples.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,88(4), pp.835-855. Schulz, J., 2013. The impact of role conflict, role ambiguity and organizational climate on the job satisfaction of academic staff in research-intensive universities in the UK.Higher Education Research Development,32(3), pp.464-478. Strauss, K., 2013. Unfree again: social reproduction, flexible labour markets and the resurgence of gang labour in the UK.Antipode,45(1), pp.180-197. Wallace, A.P.M., Lings, I., Cameron, R. and Sheldon, N., 2014. Attracting and retaining staff: the role of branding and industry image. InWorkforce Development(pp. 19-36). Springer Singapore.

Vigee Le Brun Essay Example For Students

Vigee Le Brun Essay Elizabeth-Louise Vigee-Le Brun is noted as a very prominent woman/artist in theWorld of the Eighteenth Century art. She is known for her work as a portraitpainter. Her most famous works are included in the series that she had paintedat age twenty-four of Queen Marie-Antoinette. Vigee-Le Brun was a woman of somany talents. Before she died at eighty-seven years old, she was an accomplishedartist, exceptional musician, and a loving mother to her daughter Julie. Vigee-LeBrun was an unusually unattractive woman. She was charming and self-confidentwith an ability to present her sitters personas most advantageously. Vigee-LeBrun was very reputable because she managed to keep her head and professionalreputation in a time of political upheaval. (French Revolution). This allowedher to gain fame in France, Italy, Austria, and Russia. Vigee-Le Brun was suchan endowed artist that by the age of fifteen she could have supported herselfand her family, if her funds werent taken away from her by her s tepfather andunruly husband. Just nine years later she began her most famous portrait seriesof Marie-Antoinette. This series included Marie-Antoinette and herchildren at Versailles -1788, (shown below) the last portrait of thirtythat Vigee-Le Brun painted of the doomed queen. This painting still hangs atVersailles. Louis XVI said to Vigee-Le Brun, I have no knowledge ofpainting, but you make me fond of it. (Levey 280). Notice the paintingshown on the pervious page. Vigee-Le Brun was a painter of the Rococo period. We will write a custom essay on Vigee Le Brun specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Rococo is best described as an eighteenth century art style that placed emphasison portraying the carefree life of the aristocracy rather than on grand heroesor pious martyrs. Love and romance were considered to be better subjects for artthan historical or religious subjects. The style was characterized by a free,graceful movement; a playful use of line; and delicate colors. This isrepresented it the work Marie-Antoinette and her children at Versailles-1788. To describe the work in great detail you must first look atMarie-Antoinette. Her complexion is very fair and she is portrayed as anextremely feminine woman. Her femininity is also shown by her dress. The dressis a rich, red color with a low neckline, and surrounded by lace and ribbons. This could represent a life-line between Marie-Antoinette and theyoungest of her children because the baby boy is holding on to it for support. All babies need to feel this closeness with their mothers. Vigee-Le Brun couldhave used that to show Marie-Antoinette as a good motherly figure to the othermothers whom would have seen this work. Another symbol of her motherliness isshown because she is holding her children next to what could be the bed of oneof the children, most likely the babys crib. The dress is harboring a skirtthat is more than enough trouble for Marie-Antoinette to handle in one day. Thisgown is a representation of the aristocracy and of a womans power. She iswearing a large, matching hat with overbearing feathers. This is also arepresentation of power. The hat is a frequent characteristic in the series ofMarie-Antoinette. Another characteristic of the series is shown byMarie-Antoinettes legs and feet being rested upon a very decorated pillow. Thiscould show that she was of the aristocracy and her feet should be above the dirton the floor. Now we move on to the children in the painting. They are allwearing fan cy clothes, just as children of the aristocracy would. The oldestchild is looking up with a gaze in her eyes of admiration for her mother. Shelooks as if she is being shown as a young Marie-Antoinette. The young girlsdress is also like that of her mothers. It too, is a deep red color with asmall outline of lace and ribbon around the neck. The dress has an added bowaround the waist. This is done to show the dress as a dress of less maturity. .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34 , .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34 .postImageUrl , .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34 , .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34:hover , .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34:visited , .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34:active { border:0!important; } .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34:active , .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34 .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u388832d968a2222abe723b1980136e34:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tourism In Asia EssayThe daughter does look like a young version of her mother, yes; but she can notbe shown as overly mature because she is still a young lady. The bow simply downplays the power because of the child-like characteristic. The baby boy in thepicture is, as noted in the first paragraph, holding onto his mother with anurgency to fulfill the need of the mothers love and presence. The young boy,the middle child, is standing next to the crib of the baby boy with his fingerpointing to the crib of his younger brother. The young boy has very niceposture. His attire is also that of an aristocratic child. This is a symbol ofstrength and masculinity. (At least enough f or his age.) All of the children arenicely dressed and they all have very detailed faces; each is showing adifferent expression. (An expression that would relate to their ages.) They areall very beautiful children. It is difficult to convey an idea today ofthe urbanity, the graceful ease, in a word the affability of manners which madethe charm of Parisian society forty years ago. The women reigned then: theRevolution dethroned them. Elisabeth Vige-Le Brun, 1835. The theme ofthe work is to portray Marie-Antoinette through Vigee-Le Bruns portrait asmother-like to the other mothers and to the public whom would view her pictures. Elizabeth-Louise Vigee-Le Bruns goal through Marie-Antoinette and HerChildren was to create an image of the Queen that would appeal to thecommon folk. The composition of the portrait shows good relations between thechildren and their mother. The Rococo movement that is in play through this workhas that palette of the typical Rococo painting. It demonstrates the soft colorsand a playful use of the line. It shows the delicacy between each object andperson in the entire work. Through the series of Marie-Antoinettes portraits,Vigee-Le Brun had developed a relationship with the Queen. This, of course, hadits obvious advantages for Vigee-Le Brun. Through this relationship, Vigee-LeBrun was granted an acceptance into the Royal Academy. This was a greatadvantage for her because she was technically barred from the academy due to herhusbands profession. But, Vigee-Le Bruns relationship had made her presencearound the Queen in France too dangerous because of the Revolution. Due to this,she and her nine year-old daughter made a dramatic escape from Paris. Her timingwas so close that the night that she left was the same night thatMarie-Antoinette and Louis XVI were arrested. From this escape, she and herdaughter began twelve years of exile. Throughout these twelve years, she againcaptivated the nobilitys attention with her works. Her talent again gained heradmissions into several academies. One quote from a recent writer serves ascomplete closing for Elizabeth-Louise Vigee-Le Brun when her art ischaracterized as a conspicuous anachronism, typifying the final attempt byAncient Regime society to shut its eyes to unwelcomed realities, and to takerefuge in a world of make-believe and fancy dress. (Heller 60). BibliographyFiero, Gloria. The Humanistic Tradition: Faith, Reason, and Power in theEarly Modern World. 3 rd ed. Vol. 4. New York: McGraw Hill, 1998. 143-6. Heller,Nancy. Women Artists: An Illustrated History. New York: Abbeville PublishingGroup, 1991. 55, 58-66. Levey, Michael. Levey: Painting and Sculpture in France1700-1789. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. 278-96. Eighteenth Century. The National Museum of Women in the Arts. 24 Feb. 2000 (http://www.nmwa.org/index.htn). .

Intellectual Quotes About Wisdom and Success

Intellectual Quotes About Wisdom and Success Wisdom and knowledge are the foundation of all progress. Without the thinkers, scientists, and leaders of the past, we would not be where we are today. The quotes below capture some of their insights about wisdom and success. Sir Winston Churchill Success is the ability to go from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm. Socrates The life which is unexamined is not worth living. The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing. Mahatma  Gandhi Live as if you were to die tomorrow. Learn as if you were to live forever. Benjamin Disraeli I must follow the people. Am I not their leader? Walter Scott For success, attitude is equally as important as ability. Thomas Jefferson Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom. Albert Einstein Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value. Bill Gates Success is a lousy teacher. It seduces smart people into thinking they cant lose. John Keats Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter. Henry David Thoreau All this worldly wisdom was once the unamiable heresy of some wise man. Its not what you look at that matters, its what you see. Lord Chesterfield In seeking wisdom thou art wise; in imagining that thou hast attained it- thou art a fool. Elizabeth Barrett Browning Gods gifts put mans best dreams to shame. Alfred Lord Tennyson Dreams are true while they last, and do we not live in dreams? Confucius Wisdom, compassion, and courage are the three universally recognized moral qualities of men. Ralph Waldo Emerson All life is an experiment. The more experiments you make the better. Adopt the pace of nature: her secret is patience. George Bernard Shaw We are made wise not by the recollection of our past, but by the responsibility for our future. Beware of false knowledge; it is more dangerous than ignorance. Success does not consist in never making mistakes but in never making the same one a second time. William Wordsworth Wisdom is ofttimes nearer when we stoop than when we soar. Saint Augustine Patience is the companion of wisdom. Anton Chekhov Knowledge is of no value unless you put it into practice. Franklin D. Roosevelt Happiness lies in the joy of achievement and the thrill of creative effort. Plato The first and greatest victory is to conquer yourself; to be conquered by yourself is of all things most shameful and vile. Henry David Thoreau Good for the body is the work of the body, and good for the soul is the work of the soul, and good for either is the work of the other. Charles Dickens Have a heart that never hardens, a temper that never tires, a touch that never hurts. John Muir In every walk with nature, one receives far more than he seeks. Buddha To enjoy good health, to bring true happiness to ones family, to bring peace to all, one must first discipline and control ones own mind. If a man can control his mind he can find the way to Enlightenment, and all wisdom and virtue will naturally come to him. Lao Tzu The journey of a thousand miles begins with one step.

What are the Romance Subgenres (And How to Pick One)

What are the Romance Subgenres (And How to Pick One) What are the Romance Subgenres? (And How to Pick One) You might think you know how a romance story goes. Boy meets girl. Boys fails girl. Boy gets girl. Seems simple enough, right?Not so fast. The landscape of romance is extremely rich and diverse, with many branches of subgenres and subcategories. And, though that elusive Happily Ever After is a staple in romance, how the couple gets there is a fascinatingly different story in each subgenre.This post will break all of the romance subgenres down for you - and give you some extra tips on how to find the one that’s the perfect match for you as a writer. So if you’re ready to see all of the various ways that the course of true love doesn’t run smoothly, let’s begin. Everything you wanted to know about romance subgenres - and more! Then all that’s left is to put pen to paper and get started creating your Happily Ever Afters! Good luck, and remember: love will make the world (and the genre) go round and round.Do you have a favorite subgenre of romance - and if so, what is it? Tell us in the comments below!

Does the assumption and implementation of corporate social Essay

Does the assumption and implementation of corporate social responsibility makes businesses more successful - Essay Example It encompasses two broad views in general. The first one is that the companies share the wealth they create with either the society they operate in or other under privileged societies. The other is managing their activities in a more ethically and morally responsible way. It is the voluntary exceeding of the society's expectations of the business and it is agreed that it is majorly affected by how the company manages its core businesses. (Baker) Corporate Social responsibility is extremely important to a company's business. According to a survey by the Economist Intelligence Unit, Corporate responsibility is affecting the relationship between companies and their various stakeholders, such as investors, customers, vendors, suppliers, employees, communities and governments. (Doebele, 2005) Underlying principles The Corporate responsibility trend is being driven by a large number of factors. Companies which do not engage in social responsibility might be viewed as unethical as peoples t rust in large organizations is already waning. The rise in the corporate governance movement, globalization of businesses and the competition presented by rivals all contribute to a firms increasing interest in corporate responsibility. The benefits of corporate responsibility may prove never ending for an organization. ... They include environmental management, issues management and stake holder's management. There will be times when two or more of these management areas will be integrated to form one areas of concern. Foreg in 1994 BHP Billton's shareholders were concerned about the company causing environmental damage in Papua New Guinea. (Gail Thomas, 2006) There have been multiple arguments in favor of supporting corporate social responsibilities for businesses. It has been said that practicing a business enables many things in the society and businesses are dependent upon a healthy, well-developed and economically sound society for its proper functioning. Improved quality of life for employees and citizens should be one of the top priority for all ethical businesses and this is only fulfilled if they practice giving back to the society or caring capitalism as Niall Fitzgerland, chairman Unilever calls it. Since the main responsibility that the company owes is towards itself, the company has to ens ure that fulfilling responsibility is both beneficial to itself and the society, but ensures that the company survives in the long run. People in favor of corporate social responsibility clearly state that CSR enhances the view of the company in the eyes of the customers and generates a loyal customer base. Others state that fulfilling CSR also provides unmatched promotion and publicity for the company which is again very necessary for the success of the company. Last but not the least practicing social responsibility raises the morale and self esteem of the employees of the company and they feel good about the contributions and are more likely to work efficiently and develop into diligent workers. Boyle and Boguslaw (Boyle, 2007,

Fetal Alcohol Synodrome Essay Example for Free

Fetal Alcohol Synodrome Essay Introduction It sounds simple: women who drink excessively while pregnant are at high risk for giving birth to children with birth defects. Therefore, to prevent these defects, women should stop drinking alcohol during all phases of pregnancy. Alternatively, women who drink alcohol should not become pregnant unless and until they can control their drinking. More than 20 years ago, when fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) was first described in the published medical literature, there were high hopes for its prevention. In fact, this has not been simple, and the biomedical and public health communities are still struggling to eliminate a birth defect that should be absolutely preventable. HISTORY Although references to the effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol can be found in classical and biblical literature, fetal alcohol syndrome was first described in the medical literature in France by Lemoine et al. in 1968. Researchers in the United States soon also published a landmark report describing a constellation of birth defects in children born to alcoholic women (Jones and Smith, 1973). FAS has since been described in most countries of the world. Briefly, FAS refers to a constellation of physical abnormalities, most obvious in the features of the face (see Figure 1-1) and in the reduced size of the newborn, and problems of behavior and cognition. These latter features lead to the most concern. The degree of abnormality in any one measure can vary greatly between individuals and can change with time in the same individual. For example, people diagnosed with FAS can have IQs from well within the normal range to the severely mentally retarded range. The physical anomalies can be slight or quite striking. Some people with FAS live fairly normal lives if given adequate and structured support throughout their lives, whereas others are severely impaired. The defects may or may not be apparent or easily diagnosed at birth. Although the manifestations of the damage might change with age, FAS never completely disappears and, as with many developmental disabilities, there is no cure, although there might be some amelioration in some individuals. FAS does not refer to signs of acute alcohol exposure or withdrawal at birth. Newborns can have blood alcohol levels high enough to affect acutely their central nervous system function and not have FAS. Newborns can also have no alcohol in their bloodstream at time of delivery but still have FAS. FAS is not a drunk baby. The costs of FAS and related conditions can be quite high—for the individual, for the family, and for society. Three groups have tried to estimate these costs, and these estimates vary greatly (Bloss, 1994). These estimates are problematic, because of uncertainties regarding the incidence and prevalence of FAS and uncertainties related to the full extent of health (and other) problems experienced throughout the lifetime of people with FAS. Estimates of the occurrence of FAS in North American communities range from 0 per 1,000 (incidence; Abel and Sokol, 1987, 1991) to 120 per 1,000 (prevalence; Robinson et al. , 1987), although rates in several of the most complete studies are similar—on the order of 0. 5 to 3 cases per 1,000 births. Assuming an annual birth cohort of approximately 4 million, this translates into 2 to 12 thousand FAS births per year in this country. As described in the report, there is a lack of longitudinal data on the extent of possible problems of adults with FAS. Therefore, cost estimates for the United States range from $75 million (Abel and Sokol, 1991) to $9. 7 billion (Harwood and Napolitano, 1985). The total lifetime cost per typical case of FAS for a child born in 1980 was estimated to be $596,000 undiscounted1 (Harwood and Napolitano, 1985). These incidence and cost figures are offered not as established facts but they are intended to emphasize that regardless of the details, or any one specific estimate, the costs of FAS to the individual and society are high. FIGURE 1-1 Photographs of children with fetal alcohol syndrome. SOURCES: Figures 4C and 4D: Reprinted with permission from Jones et al. (1973). Copyright 1973 by the Lancet Ltd. Figure 4B: Reprinted with permission from Clarren and Smith (1978). Copyright 1978 by the New England Journal of Medicine, Massachusetts Medical Society. Since publication of the papers by Lemoine and by Jones and Smith, the biomedical, public health, research, and public policy communities have devoted much time and energy to a fascinating problem of teratology (the study of the effects of chemical exposure on the developing fetus), neurobiology, disease prevention, and social disarray. The U. S. Public Health Service has spent millions of dollars in research, public education, and service programs related to the topic. Important concepts have been established through research. For example, well-controlled research studies on rats, mice, and nonhuman primates have demonstrated that alcohol exposure causes FAS. However, while alcohol is the necessary teratogen, it alone may not be sufficient to produce FAS in humans or birth defects in animals. As with most teratogens, not every fetus exposed to significant amounts of alcohol is affected. The outcomes might be modulated by numerous biologic and environmental factors, such as nutrition, threshold, timing, genetic susceptibility, pattern of alcohol exposure, or fetal resilience. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the factors that influence the expression of alcohol teratogenesis. Public education campaigns have taught many women and their partners, as well as the medical community and society at large, that excessive alcohol consumption is dangerous during pregnancy. Reduction in the occurrence of substance abuse during pregnancy, reduction in the incidence of FAS, and an increase in the questioning of patients by health care providers about alcohol and other drug use are goals of the Public Health Services Healthy People 2000 initiative (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1991). See Table 1-1. Prevention of birth defects as a salient public health goal presents some exemplary success stories. A good example is the advocacy for and impact of rubella immunizations for children and women of childbearing age with no history of natural rubella or rubella immunization. An outbreak in the United States in the mid-1960s resulted in an estimated 20,000 children born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). CRS occurs in 20 to 25 percent of babies born to mothers who get rubella in the first trimester of pregnancy and results in congenital heart disease, deafness, mental retardation, and other fetal abnormalities. An estimate of the lifetime cost of CRS is about $330,000 per case. With widespread introduction of rubella vaccines in the late 1960s and the requirement for rubella immunization prior to school entry, the number of reported cases of CRS in the United States hit a low of 225 in 1988. As another example, new findings that folic acid deficiency during pregnancy can result in neural tube defects have led to recommendations that grain be fortified with folic acid to prevent these birth defects. Availability of effective prevention strategies led to public policy debates and recommendations for action. The emergence of crack cocaine as a major medical and public health problem in the 1980s led to worries about a generation of crack babies who would cost the medical care system, primarily neonatal intensive care wards, huge amounts of money and who would overburden the education and social service systems with problems attributable to prenatal exposure to cocaine. Further research has shown that crack cocaine can lead to serious obstetrical complications and that some of the exposed newborns do have problems. TABLE 1-1 Examples of Healthy People 2000 Goals Relevant to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) Objective 1987 Baseline. Target 2000 Incidence of FAS (per 1,000 live births) 0. 22 0. 12 Abstinence from alcohol during pregnancy 79% Increase by 20% Screening by obstetrician/gynecologist for alcohol use 34% 75% Referrals by obstetrician/gynecologist for alcohol treatment 24% 75% Screening by obstetrician/gynecologist for drug use 32% 75% Referrals by obstetrician/gynecologist for drug treatment 28% 75% Cocaine-exposed children have not been followed as extensively or for as long a time as alcohol-exposed children; what data have been published show some effects of prenatal cocaine exposure at three years of age, but the problems do not seem to be nearly as devastating as predicted, nor as severe as the long-term problems associated with alcohol exposure. In fact, some of the long-term effects associated with prenatal cocaine exposure may be due in part to the concurrent use of alcohol during pregnancy. The federal government invested millions of dollars in demonstration projects for services for substance-abusing women. Some of these programs included services for women who abuse alcohol, but the emphasis was usually on drugs, particularly illegal ones, other than alcohol, or on polydrug use. The attention to crack cocaine and its effects on the fetus is curious given that the percentage of pregnant women who drink (approximately 20 percent) far exceeds the percentage who use cocaine (approximately 1 percent; National Institute on Drug Abuse, 1994). At the time, however, the cocaine epidemic and its potential risks to unborn children led to heated public policy debates. Policies of mandatory urine testing in delivery wards, and subsequent removal of a child from the care of a mother who tested positive for illegal substances, were instituted in many places (Blume, in press; Chavkin, 1990). The unintended negative consequences of these actions have led to a reconsideration and reversal of these policies more recently. THE FEDERAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR FAS RESEARCH As will be described in many parts of this report, FAS is a complicated health and social problem, involving many different sectors of the government. The U. S. Public Health Service (USPHS) contains the agencies with primary responsibility for research in the area. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has the lead role in research on FAS. However, NIAAA is a relatively small institute of NIH. The NIAAA appropriation in 1993 was $177 million, compared with more than $400 million for the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and slightly less than $2 billion for the National Cancer Institute (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1993). NIAAA programs related to FAS include very basic animal research, which has been the mainstay of research in this area; clinical and epidemiologic research on the effects of low to moderate alcohol use by pregnant women; and prevention research. The alcohol and pregnancy program at NIAAA included $9. 8 million to $13. 5 million for approximately 70 grants in each of fiscal years 1990-1994. Most of these research grants were RO1, investigator-initiated awards. NIAAA funds one fetal alcohol research center. In addition, many research programs sponsored by NIAAA have ancillary importance to FAS, for example, the research it funds on the epidemiology of drinking by women or on general approaches to the prevention and treatment of alcohol abuse. As an example of the level of commitment by NIAAA to this issue, the prevention research program at NIAAA has ranged from $15 million to $19. 8 million annually in recent years. As the lead research agency on alcohol, the institute and the USPHS can serve as a bully pulpit for the prevention of FAS and other alcohol-related problems. In fact, this has been the case. The U. S. Surgeon General first issued a warning against the dangers of alcohol during pregnancy in 1981. In addition to funding and conducting research, NIAAA publishes information for the public on FAS, sponsors research workshops on FAS, and has its staff speak at public meetings. Other NIH institutes fund research relevant to, but not directly about, FAS. For example, NIDA funded a $4 million National Pregnancy and Health Survey on substance abuse, including alcohol, during pregnancy. The data on alcohol were a small part of the entire project. In addition, NIDA funds epidemiologic and clinical research on the effects of substance abuse during pregnancy, and alcohol is frequently one of the substances used by these populations. A rather large study funded by NIDA was the Perinatal 20 demonstration project assessing prevention of substance abuse during pregnancy. Although the major purpose was to look at the abuse of illegal substances, some data were collected on alcohol use, as well. Another key USPHS agency involved in FAS work is the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The FAS Prevention Section is housed in CDCs National Center for Environmental Health, Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities. CDCs role is to collect data to define the scope of the problem; support the development and evaluation of FAS prevention projects; and build state capacity for coordinated, state-based FAS surveillance and prevention programs (CDC submission to IOM committee). The CDC maintains and analyzes surveillance programs that include FAS, such as the Birth Defects Monitoring Program. In addition, CDC sponsors and supports efforts to prevent FAS. The CDC currently has FAS prevention and surveillance projects supported through states and universities. As with NIAAA, CDC has ancillary programs related to maternal and child health, alcohol abuse, and epidemiologic surveillance that can support and inform FAS programs. Other agencies in the USPHS maintain important programs related to FAS, but these programs have much less emphasis on research. The Indian Health Service, the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) fund services or demonstration projects directly or indirectly related to FAS. At this time, no agency has been able to support research on the clinical aspects of FAS, on the medical treatment of children with FAS, or on the education and remediation of these children. A notable USPHS program is the Pregnant and Postpartum Women and Their Infants (PPWI) initiative. This program was authorized by the Anti-Drug Abuse Act, passed by Congress in 1988. The demonstration grant program focuses on the development of innovative, community-based models of drug prevention, education, and treatment, targeting pregnant and postpartum women and their infants (National Center for Education in Maternal and Child Health, 1993). The program is funded jointly by the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) of SAMHSA and the Maternal and Child Health Bureau of HRSA. It has funded 147 demonstration projects. The most common drug addressed was cocaine, followed by alcohol and polydrug use. Because demonstration projects are rigorously evaluated only infrequently, the nature, utility, and transferability of their findings are difficult to assess. The Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT), a part of SAMHSA, was charged by Congress to support grants for residential and outpatient substance abuse treatment for pregnant and postpartum women and their infants (information provided to the committee). CSAT funded 31 residential projects in 20 states in the PPWI program and 34 projects in 24 states in its Residential Treatment for Women and Their Children program. The five treatment programs that serve Native American women include comprehensive services specific to FAS. In addition, CSAT has other activities, such as its Treatment Improvement Protocols, relevant to FAS, but the abuse substance of focus is usually cocaine or opiates, not alcohol. CONGRESSIONAL INTEREST In recognition of the seriousness of this problem, which affects both the health and the societal functioning of many Americans, several times in the past few years, members of Congress have introduced legislation related to FAS (see Table 1-2). The bills have focused largely on creating an interagency task force on FAS and increasing resources for prevention programs and prevention research. These bills, with one exception, have never been passed. The U. S. Congress mandated in Section 705 of Public Law 102-321, the ADAMHA Reorganization Act, that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of the National Academy of Sciences conduct a study of FAS and related birth defects. TABLE 1-2 Congressional Bills Related to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) or Women and Alcohol Bill No. and Date Introduced Bill Name Major Sponsor Overview H. R. 1322 3/7/91. Comprehensive Indian Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention and Treatment Act Campbell (D-CO) Authorize services for the prevention, intervention, treatment and aftercare of American Indian and Alaskan Native children and their families at risk for FAS and fetal alcohol effect (FAE). Authorization of grants to Native American tribes for training, prevention, and intervention programs. Convening of FAS/FAE task force including federal representation and representation from Native American tribes. Would have authorized $10 million annually for FY 1993-1995 and $15 million annually for FY 1996-2000. S. 923 5/7/93 Comprehensive Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Act Daschle (D-SD) Expand resources for basic and applied epidemiological research related to FAS/FAE. Establish programs to coordinate and support national, state, and community-based public awareness, prevention, and educational programs on FAS/FAE. Establish and facilitate a national surveillance program to monitor the incidence of FAS/FAE and the effectiveness of prevention programs. Establish a task force to foster coordination among federal agencies that conduct FAS/FAE research, prevention, and treatment. H. R. 3569 11/19/93 Women and Alcohol Research Equity Act of 1993 Morella (R-MD) Provide for an increase in the amount of federal funds expended to conduct research on alcohol abuse and alcoholism among women. Would have authorized up to $23,250,000 to enable NIAAA to increase such research. H. R. 3783 2/2/94 Comprehensive Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Act Richardson (D-NM) Establish a comprehensive program to help prevent FAS and FAE and to coordinate federal efforts to prevent FAS and FAE. CDC to coordinate and support applied epidemiologic research on FAS and FAE. NIAAA to conduct and support basic research targeted to developing data to improve prevention and treatment of FAS and FAE. Develop a plan to disseminate diagnostic criteria to health care and social services providers. Establish an interagency task force on FAS and FAE. SAMHSA to support, conduct, and evaluate training programs for professionals; and prevention and education programs for the public. S 170 1/5/95 Comprehensive Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Act Daschle (D-SD) Establish interagency task force on FAS and FAE. Organize a program of basic research on services and effective prevention, treatment and intervention for pregnant alcohol-dependent women and those with FAS or FAE [Originally introduced as S. 1821 in previous session but died in committee. ] H. R. 1649 5/16/95 Comprehensive Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Act Richardson (D-SD) Establish a program for the conduct and support of research and training and the dissemination of health information about the cause, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of FAS and related conditions. Establish an. Interagency Coordinating Committee on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Develop uniform criteria for the collection and reporting of data on FAS and related conditions. NOTE: CDC = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; NIAAA = National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; and SAMHSA = Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health funded the project. This report is in response to that mandate. The Committee to Study Fetal Alcohol Syndrome was convened in mid-1994. Committee expertise included pediatrics, developmental psychology and neurology, obstetrics, nosology, teratology, epidemiology, sociology, substance abuse prevention and treatment, and psychiatry. The charge to the committee was to improve the understanding of available research knowledge and experience on: †¢ tools and approaches for diagnosing FAS and related disorders, †¢ the prevalence of FAS and related disorders in the general population of the United States, †¢ the effectiveness of surveillance systems, and †¢ the availability and effectiveness of prevention and treatment programs for these conditions. As part of its work, the committee assessed and reviewed U. S. Department of Health and Human Services agency research on the topic and provided guidance for the future. SOME IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS Before going further, some clarification of terms is warranted. Several terms are used in this report to refer to drinking patterns and problems. The terms used here are intended to be consistent in spirit with an earlier IOM report Broadening the Base of Treatment for Alcohol Problems (IOM, 1990), particularly in their emphasis on the heterogeneity of alcohol problems, the course of alcohol use disorders, patterns of consumption, and etiology. In this schema, alcohol consumption is seen as ranging from none to light to moderate to heavy. Alcohol-related problems (e. g. , medical, legal, social, psychological) also range from none to mild to moderate to severe. Research has pointed to a positive correlation between level of alcohol consumption and level of alcohol problems, with the most severe problems generally seen at the highest levels of drinking. This relationship is, however, variable across individuals; that is, in some cases, severe problems can be seen at comparatively moderate levels of drinking. The fourth edition of the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV; 1994) defines alcohol use disorders as alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse. In general, these terms refer to maladaptive patterns of drinking and consequences which constitute a syndrome, usually associated with moderate to heavy alcohol consumption and moderate to severe alcohol-related problems (Edwards et al. , 1981; IOM, 1990). In DSM-IV, alcohol dependence is diagnosed when the individual meets three or more of the following seven criteria in a 12-month period: (1) tolerance; (2) withdrawal; (3) drinking in larger amounts or over a longer period than intended; (4) persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down on drinking; (5) a great deal of time spent drinking or recovering from alcohol effects; (6) declining involvement in social, occupational, or recreational activities because of alcohol use; and (7) use of alcohol despite knowledge of a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem caused or exacerbated by that use. Alcohol abuse is a less severe syndrome characterized by significant adverse consequences associated with alcohol use and is diagnosed when at least one of the following four criteria is met recurrently during a 12-month period: (1) failure to fulfill major role obligations because of alcohol use; (2) recurrent alcohol use in situations when it is physically hazardous; (3) recurrent alcohol-related legal problems; or (4) continued use despite social or interpersonal problems. In addition, the symptoms have never met the criteria for alcohol dependence (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence have fairly specific meaning in DSM-IV. However, these terms are frequently used as umbrella terms for maladaptive patterns of alcohol use. In this report on FAS, the committee has chosen to use alcohol abuse as an umbrella term to indicate heavy drinking, including binge drinking, that is risky for the given individual circumstances. If it is clear that a strict DSM-IV diagnosis is intended, it will be so noted. Similar conventions will be used for substance abuse, which is treated very similarly in DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). DSM-IV does not define the term alcoholic, but the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence does (Morse et al. , 1992). Alcoholism, too, is used but only occasionally in this report. It should be noted that there are no specific levels of consumption associated with alcohol abuse, either as used in DSM-IV or as an umbrella term in this report. Survey data from 1992 show that approximately 4 percent of all women and approximately 4 percent of women between the ages of 30 and 44 years of age could be considered to satisfy the DSM-IV criteria for alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence (Grant et al., 1994). As described in the report, the relation between levels and patterns of drinking during pregnancy and the risk of delivering an infant with FAS is complex. In this report, terms such as heavy drinking and heavier drinking are used to refer to levels of drinking associated with the highest risk for delivering an infant with FAS. Binge drinking is used to refer to a pattern of episodic heavy drinking, which is also associated with higher risk for FAS. Terms such as risk drinking, or moderate drinking are used to indicate lower levels of drinking, usually not associated with FAS, but which may be associated with alcohol-related effects in infants. It is important to note that definitions of these terms have varied across studies, settings, and samples. In particular, operational definitions of terms used to describe the level and pattern of drinking in studies of pregnant women frequently have not corresponded to definitions for women in general, which in turn often do not correspond to definitions for men. For example, a prospective study of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure defines heavy drinking as an average of one or more drinks per day (Day et al. , 1989); a seminal FAS prevention intervention project defined heavy drinking as five or six drinks on some occasions and at least 45 drinks per month (Rosett et al. , 1981); large-scale surveys of drinking in women usually define heavy drinking as two or more standard drinks per day, where a standard drink contains approximately 0. 5 ounce of absolute alcohol); some clinical research projects define heavy drinking in women as four or more drinks per day (Wilsnack et al. , 1994), which differs from parallel definitions of heavy drinking in men (six or more standard drinks per day). The lack of consistency in terms regarding level of alcohol consumption across studies has led to confusion regarding the relationship between specific levels of drinking and risk for fetal alcohol syndrome and alcohol-related effects (see Abel and Kruger, 1995 for a review of this problem). The committee defines the relevant history for diagnosis of FAS (see Chapter 4) as one of a pattern of excessive intake characterized by substantial, regular intake or heavy episodic drinking. Evidence of this pattern may include: frequent episodes of intoxication, development of tolerance or withdrawal, social problems related to drinking, legal problems related to drinking, engaging in physically hazardous behavior while drinking, or alcohol-related medical problems such as hepatic disease. REFERENCES Abel EL, Kruger ML. Hon v. Stroh Brewery Co. : What do we mean by moderate and heavy drinking? Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 1995; 19:1024-31. Abel EL, Sokol RJ. Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and economic impact of FAS-related anomalies. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 1987; 19:51-70. Abel EL, Sokol RJ. A revised conservative estimate of the incidence of FAS and its economic impact. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 1991; 15:514-524. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: 4th Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994. Bloss G. The economic cost of FAS. Alcohol Health Research World 1994; 18:53-54. Blume SB. Women and Alcohol: Issues in Social Policy in Alcohol and Gender. R. W. Wilsnack and S. C. Wilsnack (eds. ). New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Center of Alcohol Studies, in press. Chavkin W. Drug Addition and Pregnancy: Policy crossroads. American Journal of Public Health 1990; 80:483-487. Clarren SK, Smith DW. The fetal alcohol syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine 1978; 298; 1063-1067. Day NL, Jasperse D, Richardson G, Robles N, Sambamoorthis U, Taylor P et al. Prenatal exposure to alcohol: Effect on infant growth and morphologic characteristics. Pediatrics 1989; 84:536-541. Day NL, Robles N, Richardson G, Geva D, Taylor P, Scher M et al. The effects of prenatal alcohol use in the growth of children at three years of age. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 1991; 15:67-71. Edwards G, Arif A, Hodgson R. Nomenclature and classification of drug- and alcohol-related problems: A WHO memorandum. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1981; 59:225-242. Grant BF, Harford RC, Dawson DA, Chou P, Dufour M, Pickering R. Epidemiologic Bulletin No. 35: Prevalence of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence: United States, 1992. Alcohol Health Research World 1994; 18:243-248. Alcohol (wine, beer, or liquor) is the leading known preventable cause of developmental and physical birth defects in the United States. When a woman drinks alcohol during pregnancy, she risks giving birth to a child who will pay the price — in mental and physical deficiencies — for his or her entire life. Yet many pregnant women do drink alcohol. Its estimated that each year in the United States, 1 in every 750 infants is born with a pattern of physical, developmental, and functional problems referred to as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), while another 40,000 are born with fetal alcohol effects (FAE). Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition that results from alcohol exposure during pregnancy. Problems that may be caused by fetal alcohol syndrome include physical deformities, mental retardation, learning disorders, vision difficulties and behavioral problems. The problems caused by fetal alcohol syndrome vary from child to child, but defects caused by fetal alcohol syndrome are irreversible. There is no amount of alcohol thats known to be safe to consume during pregnancy. Early diagnosis may reduce the risk of problems, including learning difficulties and substance abuse. Signs and Symptoms Fetal alcohol syndrome isnt a single birth defect. Its a cluster of related problems and the most severe of a group of consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure. Collectively, the range of disorders is known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Fetal alcohol syndrome is a common — yet preventable — cause of mental retardation. The severity of mental problems varies, with some children experiencing them to a far greater degree than others. Signs of fetal alcohol syndrome may include: Distinctive facial features, including small eyes, an exceptionally thin upper lip, a short, upturned nose, and a smooth skin surface between the nose and upper lip Deformities of joints, limbs and fingers Slow physical growth before and after birth Vision difficulties or hearing problems Small head circumference and brain size (microcephaly) Poor coordination Mental retardation and delayed development Learning disorders Abnormal behavior, such as a short attention span, hyperactivity, poor impulse control, extreme nervousness and anxiety Heart defects low birth weight failure to thrive developmental delay organ dysfunction facial abnormalities, including smaller eye openings, flattened cheekbones, and indistinct philtrum (an underdeveloped groove between the nose and the upper lip) . Epilepsy poor coordination/fine motor skills poor socialization skills, such as difficulty building and maintaining friendships and relating to groups lack of imagination or curiosity learning difficulties, including poor memory, inability to understand concepts such as time and money, poor language comprehension, poor problem-solving skills behavioral problems, including hyperactivity, inability to concentrate, social withdrawal, stubbornness, impulsiveness, and anxiety. The facial features seen with fetal alcohol syndrome may also occur in normal, healthy children. Distinguishing normal facial features from those of fetal alcohol syndrome requires expertise. Doctors may use other terms to describe some of the signs of fetal alcohol syndrome. An alcohol-related neurodevel.

Neil Young In Halifax :: Free Essay Writer

Neil Young in Halifax   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I was getting ready for school one morning when my father said that my cousin Jennifer was on the phone and she wanted to know if I wanted a ticket to the Neil Young concert coming up in Halifax. I said I did and I kind of forgot about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was Halloween night and I was listening to an old Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young album when I looked at the release date when I realized that in a mere five days I was going to witness a legend in his finest form. Some say the Neil Young is playing the finest guitar of his life these days. Some people say that he's just an old man who can't sing, never could sing and should have retired a long time ago. I on the other hand see him differently. He is man who doesn't care about his appearance, doesn't care about what other people think about him. He is an entertainer. He is a healer. He is a Canadian. He is a man. When I picture myself at fifty I picture myself like him. We left for the concert on Tuesday morning and we arrived in the city at about noon. My uncle drove me and my cousin Edward up. We bummed around the city for a while and then we went to Jen's place where we were staying. There were a few other people from Inverness staying there as well. My uncle, Edward and I left for the concert at around quarter to seven. We kind of got lost. We got to the show at around seven thirty. While we were in line waiting to get in I could here the band that was performing. It was then that I realized what I was about to experience. I stumbled to my seat, half looking a my feet, half looking at the band on stage. I can't remember their name but they were good. As soon as we sat down the band ended their set and the lights came on. Then we just sat their for a while and I saw a lot of people that I knew from Mabou.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The lights went out and the place started to rumble with excitement. Moist came out on stage and started playing their set. When the band started to play Push I ran down to the front along with just about everyone else. But we were pushed back by the security. So we just sat in our seats for the rest of their set. The lights came back on and their were a bunch of guys on stage who were

Why You Should Purchase A PC

Computers are capable of doing more things every year. There are many advantages to knowing how to use a computer, and it is important that everyone know how to use them properly. Using the information I have gathered, and my own knowledge from my 12 years of computer experience, I will explain the many advantages of owning a computer and knowing how to use a PC and I will attempt to explain why you should purchase a computer and learn how to use one properly. Webster’s New World Compact Dictionary defines a computer as â€Å"an electronic machine that performs rapid, complex calculations or compiles and correlates ata† (†Computer. ). While this definition gives one a very narrow view of what a computer is capable of doing, it does describe the basic ideas of what I will expand upon. We have been living through an age of computers for a short while now and there are already many people world wide that are computer literate. According to Using Computers: A Gateway to Information World Wide Web Edition, over 250 million Personal Computers (PC’s) were in use by 1995, and one out of every three homes had a PC (Shelly, Cashman,& Waggoner, 138). Computers are easy to use when you know how they work and what the parts re. All computers perform the four basic operations of the information processing cycle: input, process, output, and storage. Data, any kind of raw facts, is required for the processing cycle to occur. Data is processed into useful information by the computer hardware. Most computer systems consist of a monitor, a system unit which contains the Central Processing Unit (CPU), a floppy-disk drive, a CD-ROM drive, speakers, a keyboard, a mouse, and a printer. Each component takes a part in one of the four operations. The keyboard and mouse are input devices that a person uses to enter data nto the computer. From there the data goes to the system unit where it is processed into useful information the computer can understand and work with. Next the processed data can be sent to storage devices or to output devices. Normally output is sent to the monitor and stored on the hard-disk or to a floppy-disk located internal of the system unit. Output can also be printed out through the printer, or can be played through the speakers as sound depending on the form it takes after it is processed. Once you have grasped a basic understanding of the basic parts and perations of a computer, you can soon discover what you can do with computers to make life easier and more enjoyable. Being computer literate allows you to use many powerful software applications and utilities to do work for school, business, or pleasure. Microsoft is the current leading producer of many of these applications and utilities. Microsoft produces software called operating systems that manage and regulate the information processing cycle. The oldest of these is MS-DOS, a single user system that uses typed commands to initiate tasks. Currently Microsoft has available operating systems that use visual cues such as icons to help enter data and run programs. These operating systems are ran under an environment called a Graphical User Interface (GUI’s). Such operating systems include Windows 3. xx, Windows 95, and Windows NT Workstation. Windows 95 is geared more for use in the home for productivity and game playing whereas Windows NT is more business orientated. The article entitled â€Å"Mine, All Mine† in the June 5, 1995 issue of Time stated that 8 out of 10 PC’s worldwide would not be able to start or run if it were not for Microsoft’s operating systems like MS-DOS, Windows 95, and Windows NT (Elmer-Dewitt, 1995, p. 50). By no means has Microsoft limited itself to operating systems alone. Microsoft has also produced a software package called Microsoft Office that is very useful in creating reports, data bases, spreadsheets, presentations, and other documents for school and work. Microsoft Office: Introductory Concepts and Techniques provides a detailed, step-by-step approach to the four programs included in Microsoft Office. Included in this package are Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Access, and Microsoft PowerPoint. Microsoft Word is a word processing program hat makes creating professional looking documents such as announcements, resumes, letters, address books, and reports easy to do. Microsoft Excel, a spreadsheet program, has features for data organization, calculations, decision making, and graphing. It is very useful in making professional looking reports. Microsoft Access, a powerful database management system, is useful in creating and processing data in a database. Microsoft PowerPoint is â€Å".. a complete presentation graphics program that allows you to produce professional looking presentations† (Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 2). PowerPoint is flexible enough so that you can create electronic presentations, overhead transparencies, or even 35mm slides. Microsoft also produces entertainment and reference programs. â€Å"Microsoft’s Flight Simulator is one of the best selling PC games of all time† (Elmer-Dewitt, 50). Microsoft’s Encarta is an electronic CD-ROM encyclopedia that makes for a fantastic alternative to 20 plus volume book encyclopedias. In fact, it is so popular, it outsells the Encyclopedia Britannica. These powerful business, productivity, and entertainment applications are just the beginning of what you an do with a PC. Knowing how to use the Internet will allow you access to a vast resource of facts, knowledge, information, and entertainment that can help you do work and have fun. According to Netscape Navigator 2 running under Windows 3. , â€Å"the Internet is a collection of networks, each of which is composed of a collection of smaller networks† (Shelly, Cashman, & Jordan, N2). Information can be sent over the Internet through communication lines in the form of graphics, sound, video, animation, and text. These forms of computer media are known as hypermedia. Hypermedia is accessed through hypertext links, which are pointers to the computer where the hypermedia is stored. The World Wide Web (WWW) is the collection of these hypertext links throughout the Internet. Each computer that contains hypermedia on the WWW is known as a Web site and has Web pages set up for users to access the hypermedia. Browsers such as Netscape allow people to â€Å"surf the net† and search for the hypermedia of their choice. There are millions of examples of hypermedia on the Internet. You can find art, photos, information on business, the government, and colleges, television chedules, movie reviews, music lyrics, online news and magazines, sport sights of all kinds, games, books, and thousands of other hypermedia on the WWW. You can send electronic mail (E-Mail), chat with other users around the world, buy airline, sports, and music tickets, and shop for a house or a car. All of this, and more, provides one with a limitless supply of information for research, business, entertainment, or other personal use. Online services such as America Online, Prodigy, or CompuServe make it even easier to access the power of the Internet. The Internet alone is almost reason enough to become computer literate, but there is still much more that computers can do. Knowing how to use a computer allows you to do a variety of things in several different ways. One of the most popular use for computers today is for playing video games. With a PC you can play card games, simulation games, sport games, strategy games, fighting games, and adventure games. Today’s technology provides the ultimate experiences in color, graphics, sound, music, full motion video, animation, and 3D effects. Computers have also become increasingly useful n the music, film, and television industry. Computers can be used to compose music, create sound effects, create special effects, create 3D life-like animation, and add previous existing movie and TV footage into new programs, as seen in the movie Forrest Gump. All this and more can be done with computers. There is truly no time like the present to become computer literate. Computers will be doing even more things in the future and will become unavoidable. Purchasing and learning about a new PC now will help put PC’s into the other two-thirds of the homes worldwide and make the transition into a computer age easier.

Globalization Argumentation Essay

(1, Premise) Globalization effects on economy, administrative, and geographical system of the nations in an effective manner. In today’s more challenging and competitive business era, globalization is one of the most important factors that have a direct or indirect effect on the economic, administrative, and geographical system of the nations in an effective and proper manner. There are rapid changes in the economics of the nations, due to globalization. In addition, different kinds of issues are developed or created by the globalization to the countries. Also, these are effecting the nations directly or indirectly. For example. High risk investment in other countries is considered a significant issue. (1, Conclusion) â€Å"After the globalization of the worldwide market, foreign investors faced the high risk to invest in the other nation due to the differences in administrative, geographic, economic, culture and demographic condition of the countries.†(Lynch & Gemini, 2010) (2, Premise) Globalization contributes to the improvement of technology that helped national companies. There are various technological improvements that create effective contribution in the globalization of markets and production. It is identified that the use of computers help the companies to adopt globalization and improve its market share in the global market. In computers, the use of the internet helps companies go global and add extra features to their production and operation activities. (2, Conclusion) â€Å"Through international technology, companies are also able to achieve competitive advantages over national and international competitors in an effective way.† (Mobius, 2012) (3, Premise) Globalization provides options of companies to improve their business through enter in the new country market. One improvement in technology related to change in the transportation technology helped the companies make globalization of markets  and production. The development of commercial jet aircraft and super fighters and development of ship transportation help companies simplify the trans-shipment from one mode of transport to another. (3, Conclusion) â€Å"Globalization helps companies to improve its market presence in the global market and introduce new production plants in different countries of the world to provide the right product to the right customers at the right time with the lowest cost† (Peng, 2009). (4, Premise) Globalization provides options of the companies to improve their position to attract or reach the new market and more customers. Technology is helpful for companies to generate global opportunities through attracting global customers for products and services. Changes in the telecommunication and introduction of the World Wide Web help companies connect with the global customers in an effective way and develop the opportunities in order to improve the market. There are various global marketing trends a global company needs to fulfill. The changing demand of customers, changes in advertising media and attraction for global customers are all important. In order to reach this target, global marketers need to target global advertising in order to attract global customers in an effective way. (4, Conclusion) â€Å"Through the targeting global advertising for the products and services, companies can also increase its customer base in the international market and can achieve competitive advantages over competitors in national and international market† (Shan, 2012). The first premise is an example of inductive reasoning as it is intended only to be so strong that, if the conclusion is different with premises. First premise: globalization impacts on countries economy, administrative, and geographical system, but the conclusion states differences that after the globalization, foreign investors face the high risk of investment in other countries due to the differences in countries’ administrative, geographic, economic, culture and demographic condition (Swenson, 2005). In addition, deductive argument is thought to be completely guaranteed of the premises truth, which means the conclusion is similar to the premise. Premise 2 is the example of the deductive argument as the premises and conclusion is the same, which the globalization or internationalization contributes into the improvement of technology as international technology reached of the companies that helped companies to achieve competitive advantages. References Lynch, M. & Gemini,C. (2010). Wealth: How the World’s High-Net-Worth Grow, Sustain, and Manage Their Fortunes. USA: John Wiley & Sons. Mobius, M. (2012). Passport to Profits: Why the Next Investment Windfalls Will be Found Abroad and How to Grab Your Share. USA: John Wiley & Sons. Peng, M.W. (2009). Global Business 2009. USA: Cengage Learning. Shan, W. (2012). The Legal Protection of Foreign Investment: A Comparative Study. USA: Hart Publishing Limited. Swensen, D.F. (2005). Unconventional Success: A Fundamental Approach to Personal Investment. USA: Simon and Schuster.

Why Marijuana over Tobacco †English Persuasive Essay

Why Marijuana over Tobacco – English Persuasive Essay Free Online Research Papers Why Marijuana over Tobacco English Persuasive Essay About 50 percent of incoming college freshmen have admitted to using marijuana. And about 40 percent of them smoke it on a regular basis. The question is why is marijuana illegal and tobacco legal? Marijuana has been known as a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it leads to use of other harder drugs. This is not true. It truly depends on the person whether they are going to do other drugs. People who smoke marijuana do not have a higher chance of getting addicted or even trying cocaine or heroin than non-users. Many negative facts have been told of marijuana, mostly by the tobacco industry, which are false. Why is the tobacco industry so concerned with marijuana and its negative effects? It is because the tobacco industry is trying to take some of the attention off of their product and point the finger at marijuana. Marijuana is healthier, safer, and has more medical use than tobacco does. Most illegal drugs, such as cocaine and heroin, are mixed with many different chemicals, but not marijuana. Marijuana is grown from the ground. No chemicals are added during or after the growing process, just sunlight and water is needed for the plant to grow. Once the plant reaches its peak, it is taken down and hung up to dry for a long period of time. After that it is ready to be enjoyed and smoked by its users. But in tobacco they mix in many unneeded harmful chemicals. One of these chemicals is nicotine, which is highly addictive. This is the chemical that keeps the tobacco smokers coming back for more, and more, which keeps the tobacco companies happy and well paid. You may ask, why is this chemical in tobacco? The reason is just so tobacco users cannot quit smoking when they try, but are stuck smoking until they die. Today millions of young kids, teens, and adults are addicted physically to tobacco and yet it is impossible to become physically addicted to marijuana. Physical addiction is where the body thinks it needs the nicotine to survive, so when you just stop the body is not used to not having it in your system and withdrawal symptoms may occur. When one tries to stop the use of tobacco products withdrawal symptoms may occur including rapid pulse, increased hand tremor, insomnia, nausea, physical agitations, anxiety, illusions, and seizures (Internet Mental Health). These symptoms may occur for months after stopping the use of tobacco. Also, tobacco also leaves radioactive materials in your lungs, which over time is what causes cancer (Erowid). No radioactive materials are present in marijuana smoke. The tar in marijuana smoke only contains 33% as much tar as tobacco (Erowid). Also when marijuana is smoked, it breaks down other tars in your lungs, including other marijuana and tobacco tars. Tobacco makes the lungs air passages smaller and cause them to constrict, unlike marijuana. Continuous tobacco use causes the air passage ways to eventually close up making it impossible to breath. And in the end tobacco kill you. Another negative effect of nicotine is that it causes negative effects on the heart and circulatory systems. What the nicotine does is causes the veins and arteries in your body to constrict (Erowid). This may lead to a stroke or heart attack. Tobacco use causes the body many problems. There has never been an overdose of marijuana. To overdose on marijuana you would have to smoke over a pound in an hour of high quality marijuana. That is physically impossible. This is true because the active chemical in marijuana is THC. â€Å"THC is one of the few chemicals for which there is no known toxic amount† (Lycaeum), meaning content of THC in marijuana is not high enough to cause death. Tobacco, on the other hand, can kill a person by an overdose. People have managed to overdose by using dermal patches and smoking tobacco at the same time (Erowid). Nicotine is a dangerous drug and should not be used at all. Medical marijuana has been used for years. It has been found as far back as 1,600 years ago. Marijuana was used for many different reasons. Patients suffering from glaucoma may receive marijuana to ease the pain in the eyes. For patients in chemotherapy marijuana has been used to give them their appetites back and reduce the nausea (Erwoid). People with severe headaches may also be prescribed marijuana. Marijuana can be used on patients with sleeping or eating disorders too. Yet in most states it is illegal to even prescribe marijuana. But yet in 1988 our own DEA’s administrative Judge Frances Young said, â€Å"Marijuana is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man.† He also said â€Å"marijuana in its natural form is far safer than many foods we commonly consume† (National Academy Press). Tobacco has no medical uses at all. Some say it relieves stress and helps reduce the appetite. Other than that, tobacco has no use of any kin d at all. Many people think that marijuana makes you less intelligent. The largest study of cannabis to date showed that they are wrong. It was proven that heavy long-term users scored slightly higher on IQ tests, had a lower illness rate, lower chance of developing cancer, and an increased life span compared to non-users (Erowid). So smoking some marijuana before a test actually will increase your ability to think. In fact, it said the cannabis smokers have been known to outlive non-smokers by up to 2 years (Erowid). We have all heard that smoking cannabis causes Cancer. Not only is this a lie but also users of marijuana have lower rates of producing lung cancer then non-users. â€Å"Not one case of lung cancer has ever been successfully linked to marijuana use† (Erowid). In 1975 researchers at the Medical College of Virginia found that cannabis can help fight against benign and malignant cancers. This proves that marijuana does not cause cancer, but it could prevent or even cure it. What about tobacco though? Tobacco does cause lung cancer. Tobacco leaves tar in the lungs that are radioactive. These radioactive materials morph over time into very harmful materials that causes cancer to be produced (Erowid). Cannabis is the number one used illegal drugs. If it is not addictive then why do people who try it come back? This is because it is safer than all the other drugs. Cannabis has been used all over the world for many reasons. The Indians smoked it at ceremonies to relax and have a good time. Where legal, doctors prescribe it to their patients for a number of different reasons. Some famous artists and musicians use marijuana on a regular basis to enhance their creativity. Others just use it because they like to relax and have fun. Nothing is wrong with smoking marijuana for any reason at all, but using tobacco is just suicide. What you have been told in the past may contradict the facts about marijuana. Smoking tobacco makes no sense and needs to be stopped. So do not just stand there in the tobacco smoke filled room and get out and smoke some marijuana. Research Papers on Why Marijuana over Tobacco - English Persuasive EssayUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyDefinition of Export QuotasGenetic EngineeringBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfThe Spring and AutumnPETSTEL analysis of India